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Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) is a promising biotemplate for the mineralization of metal–organic nanorods. Biomineralization of palladium occurs without an external reducing agent; however, the reduction of gold on wild-type BSMV requires a reducing agent. Recently, histidine has been adopted as a capping and reducing agent for the mineralization of gold nanoparticles. BSMV virus-like particles (BSMV-VLPs) tagged with histidine were investigated for direct gold deposition. However, gold nanoparticles were not formed during the mineralization process. Therefore, the aim of this research was to decorate gold nanoparticles onto palladium-coated BSMV (Pd-BSMV). The gold decoration was achieved through the addition of free histidine. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to verify the formation of metallic gold, and a kinetic study of the gold decoration process and the pH effect on the morphologies of gold particles was performed. The development of gold-decorated Pd-BSMV will be crucial for therapeutic applications, such as drug delivery, gene therapy, and photothermal therapy. 

Let$$G$$be a split semisimple group over a global function field$$K$$. Given a cuspidal automorphic representation$$\Pi$$of$$G$$satisfying a technical hypothesis, we prove that for almost all primes$$\ell$$, there is a cyclic base change lifting of$$\Pi$$along any$$\mathbb {Z}/\ell \mathbb {Z}$$-extension of$$K$$. Our proof does not rely on any trace formulas; instead it is based on using modularity lifting theorems, together with a Smith theory argument, to obtain base change for residual representations. As an application, we also prove that for any split semisimple group$$G$$over a local function field$$F$$, and almost all primes$$\ell$$, any irreducible admissible representation of$$G(F)$$admits a base change along any$$\mathbb {Z}/\ell \mathbb {Z}$$-extension of$$F$$. Finally, we characterize local base change more explicitly for a class of toral representations considered in work of Chan and Oi. 

Abstract For a connected reductive groupGover a nonarchimedean local fieldFof positive characteristic, Genestier-Lafforgue and Fargues-Scholze have attached a semisimple parameter$${\mathcal {L}}^{ss}(\pi )$$to each irreducible representation$$\pi $$. Our first result shows that the Genestier-Lafforgue parameter of a tempered$$\pi $$can be uniquely refined to a tempered L-parameter$${\mathcal {L}}(\pi )$$, thus giving the unique local Langlands correspondence which is compatible with the Genestier-Lafforgue construction. Our second result establishes ramification properties of$${\mathcal {L}}^{ss}(\pi )$$for unramifiedGand supercuspidal$$\pi $$constructed by induction from an open compact (modulo center) subgroup. If$${\mathcal {L}}^{ss}(\pi )$$is pure in an appropriate sense, we show that$${\mathcal {L}}^{ss}(\pi )$$is ramified (unlessGis a torus). If the inducing subgroup is sufficiently small in a precise sense, we show$$\mathcal {L}^{ss}(\pi )$$is wildly ramified. The proofs are via global arguments, involving the construction of Poincaré series with strict control on ramification when the base curve is$${\mathbb {P}}^1$$and a simple application of Deligne’s Weil II. 

ThetheoryofGaloisrepresentationsattachedtoautomorphicrepresenta- tions of GL(n) is largely based on the study of the cohomology of Shimura varieties of PEL type attached to unitary similitude groups. The need to keep track of the similitude factor complicates notation while making no difference to the final result. It is more natural to work with Shimura varieties attached to the unitary groups themselves, which do not introduce these unnecessary complications; however, these are of abelian type, not of PEL type, and the Galois representations on their cohomology differ slightly from those obtained from the more familiar Shimura varieties. Results on the critical values of the L-functions of these Galois representations have been established by studying the PEL type Shimura varieties. It is not immediately obvious that the automorphic periods for these varieties are the same as for those attached to unitary groups, which appear more naturally in applications of relative trace formulas, such as the refined Gan-Gross-Prasad conjecture (conjecture of Ichino-Ikeda and N. Harris). The present article reconsiders these critical values, using the Shimura varieties attached to unitary groups, and obtains results that can be used more simply in applications.